Decide first which flavour of Ubuntu you want to install: |
Norwegian and Scandinavian readers: * Norsk Ubuntu guide... * Dansk Ubuntu guide... * Datanytt.no's inst.veiledning for Ubuntu 7.04... * Norske ITpro's guides... Spill guiden... * Ubuntu.no... |
- Ubuntu
Desktop. Screenshots...
Perfect
setup...
- Ubuntu
Server. Perfect
server setup... LAMP
server...
- Kubuntu Desktop. Screenshots...
- Edubuntu Desktop. Screenshots...
All these
share the same basic system but Ubuntu and Edubuntu has GNOME as the default desktop system
while Kubuntu employs the KDE
desktop. There
are also differences in the included software.
The desktop CD is so-called
LiveCD which allows you to try Ubuntu without installing or changing
your
computer at all. The desktop will present an icon that lets you
install Ubuntu permanently on a hard drive.
Now make your selection and download the iso (cdrom) image:
Download Ubuntu Desktop or Ubuntu Server CD from
http://www.ubuntu.com/download. (the latest version is 7.04)
Use a mirror site whenever possible.
Download Kubuntu 7.04 from
http://kubuntu.org/download.php
Or get Edubuntu 7.04 distribution from
http://www.edubuntu.org/Download
Xubuntu is for older, weaker computers. Get it from
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Xubuntu/Releases
Burn the CD:
You must burn the CD as a file system image on an empty 700MB CD.
In Windows
Follow this guide to burn the CD
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BurningIsoHowto
Alternatively get DeebBurner Free edition from
http://www.deepburner.com/?r=download
Start DeepBurner and select the "Burn ISO image" option to burn the CD.
For the best result, burn at slow speed.
Here is also a complete example on howto download and burn a Ubuntu CD in Windows...
In Unix/Linux
GnomeBaker (in GNOME) and the amazing K3B burner (in KDE) has special menu selections for burning of iso images.
Make sure your PC can boot from
a CD. You can change the
boot-order
in BIOS
(pc setup). Recommended boot-order is CDrom -> Floppy drive
-> Harddisk.
Put in the CD, reboot your PC
and select "Check CD for defects"
option from the menu. (See picture_3a)
This step takes a few minutes while it tests wheather the CD has
errors. You should always perform this test for new Ubuntu CDs.
Return to step 1) if the test reports anomalies.
Start the installation:
Now select the "Start or Install Ubuntu"
option from the menu as shown in picture_4a.
It will load a fully
functional Ubuntu Linux desktop. Nothing has been installed up to
this
stage - it all runs from the
Live CD. You can now test-run Ubuntu on your PC before the final
installation.
Start permanent installation by
clicking the "Install" icon on the desktop. See picture_4b. The
installation program will let you create and modify the available
disk partitions.
You must create at least these 2 partitions:
The main partition should be at least 10GB of size.
The mount point for this is "/" which denotes the root filesystem.
The recommended file system type is ext3.
Swap partition should be around 2 times the PCs physical memory and at least 256MB. The filesystem type for this partition must be swap. See picture_4c.
More information about the partitioning in this guide...
Repositories...
are archives where the software packages and system files are
downloaded from.
5a) Now modify your repository definition file (/etc/apt/sources.list) as instructed in this guide...
5b) Refresh the package list (package index) in your PC by running "sudo apt-get update" command in a terminal window or press [Reload]-button in the Synaptic Package Manager. You will find Synaptic Package Manager in the GNOME's System -> Administration menu.
5a) Now modify your repository definition file (/etc/apt/sources.list) as instructed in this guide...
5b) Refresh the package list (package index) in your PC by running "sudo apt-get update" command in a terminal window or press [Reload]-button in the Synaptic Package Manager. You will find Synaptic Package Manager in the GNOME's System -> Administration menu.
Activate restricted (display) drivers:
If your computer has a rather new ATI, NVIDIA or Intel's graphic card then you should install a proper driver for it. A proper driver will make your desktop very quick and it will let you play games with full hardware acceleration. Do this:
6a) Start "Restricted Driver Manager" from the System -> Administration -> "Restricted Driver Manager" menu. See picture_6a.
Note: If you do not see any lines or any restricted drivers in the list, then move to step 6c).
6b) Checkmark the line. It will Enable and install the display driver. See picture_6b. Close the dialog after successful installation.
6c) Then invoke gnome-terminal (command line application) from the Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal menu and run the command:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg
It will re-configure display settings in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file. Sudo will let you run the command as superuser, administrator. It will ask your user password. See picture_6c.
6d) In the first configuration dialog, select the driver name.
It should be "nvidia" for Nvidia's graphic cards or "fglrx" for ATI's graphic cards and "i810" for most of the Intel's video cards. See picture_6d. Press TAB-key and OK [Enter] to continue.
6e) In the next dialog, checkmark all appropriate display resolutions (however do not over-estimate what the graphic chipset can do). Eg. I prefer to have at least 1200x800 and 1280x1024 resolutions. Press SPACEBAR to mark and unmark a line. Use arrow keys to move to next and previous line. Press TAB-key and OK [Enter] to finish the setup. See picture_6e.
6f) Reboot your computer via System -> Quit menu.
You should also know that CNTR + ALT + BACKSPACE keys can restart the graphical display.
6g) Set the screen resolution.
I suppose that you are now logged in to your Ubuntu/GNOME desktop. From the main menu, select System -> Preferences -> Screen Resolution dialog. Pick a proper resolution from the drop-down list. I normally set 1280x1024 screen resolution and happy with that. See picture_6f.
This user documentation... page provides more information about the display drivers.
And that's all about the display.
Note: If you see other closed-source drivers in the "Restricted Driver Manager" dialog, then you may enable them too.
Internationalization. Language and Keyboard:
7a) Ubuntu Desktop and its
applications have been translated to many
languages. You can set the language via System
-> Administration -> Language Support menu. See pictures_7a, _7aa and _7aaa. New language settings
will take take effect after re-login (System
-> Quit -> Log Out - login).
7b) I have seen that the keyboard (language and country) was not set correctly after installation. Start the Keyboard dialog from the System -> Preferences -> Keyboard menu. Select the [Layouts] page. Then add new and remove unnecessary keyboard layouts. See pictures_7b and _7bb.
7b) I have seen that the keyboard (language and country) was not set correctly after installation. Start the Keyboard dialog from the System -> Preferences -> Keyboard menu. Select the [Layouts] page. Then add new and remove unnecessary keyboard layouts. See pictures_7b and _7bb.
Refine and finalize your desktop:
Please reboot and login to your
new (U)buntu desktop system.
Let's refine your Ubuntu-desktop to perfection.
Automatix2 is a script that lets you create a nearly perfect desktop. It will automatically install many missing browser-plugins, multimedia codeces and adds support for Java and Flash 9. Automatix2 can also install many useful applications such as p2p filesharing, Skype IP-phone and virtualization software.
8a) Browse to Automatix' web site... and click on the link below Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty i386) and select the "Open with GDebi package installer" option from the dialog (see picture_8a). Enter your user password and click the [Install package] button to complete the installation of Automatix2 (see picture 8aa).
8b) Next, invoke the Automatix2 application from the Applications -> System tools -> Automatix menu (see picture_8b). Select the items in and of the following categories.
Burning
and
Ripping:Let's refine your Ubuntu-desktop to perfection.
Automatix2 is a script that lets you create a nearly perfect desktop. It will automatically install many missing browser-plugins, multimedia codeces and adds support for Java and Flash 9. Automatix2 can also install many useful applications such as p2p filesharing, Skype IP-phone and virtualization software.
8a) Browse to Automatix' web site... and click on the link below Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty i386) and select the "Open with GDebi package installer" option from the dialog (see picture_8a). Enter your user password and click the [Install package] button to complete the installation of Automatix2 (see picture 8aa).
8b) Next, invoke the Automatix2 application from the Applications -> System tools -> Automatix menu (see picture_8b). Select the items in and of the following categories.
* Gnomebaker
* Ripper and Tuner (this is streamtuner radio and streamripper)
Chat Clients:* Ripper and Tuner (this is streamtuner radio and streamripper)
Codecs and Plugins:
* AUD-DVD
Codecs
* Flash Player 9
* MPlayer and FF plugin
* Multimedia Codecs
* SUN JAVA 1.6 JRE (Java Runtime Engine)
Email Clients:* Flash Player 9
* MPlayer and FF plugin
* Multimedia Codecs
* SUN JAVA 1.6 JRE (Java Runtime Engine)
* Thunderbird 2.0
File Sharing:* Bittornado or Azureus, both are Bittorrent
clients.
* aMule (p2p filesharing)
Media Players
and Editors:* aMule (p2p filesharing)
* Audacity (edit audio files)
* Avidemux
* Exaile (a great audio player)
* Kino (if you wanna edit video clips, films)
* RealPlayer
Miscellaneous:* Avidemux
* Exaile (a great audio player)
* Kino (if you wanna edit video clips, films)
* RealPlayer
* Automatix
read/write NTFS and FAT32 mounter
* Extra Fonts
* Slab menu
Office:* Extra Fonts
* Slab menu
* Acrobat
Reader (this has plugin for FireFox)
* GTK-RecordMyDesktop (create .ogg format video presentation of your desktop or applications)
* Google Picasa (photo manager) and Google Earth (Google earth requires accelerated [OpenGL] display driver)
* Scribus DTP for desktop publishing. Click the [Show KDE apps] button to show this entry.
Programming tools:* GTK-RecordMyDesktop (create .ogg format video presentation of your desktop or applications)
* Google Picasa (photo manager) and Google Earth (Google earth requires accelerated [OpenGL] display driver)
* Scribus DTP for desktop publishing. Click the [Show KDE apps] button to show this entry.
Pick any development tool of interest.
Utilities:* Archiving tools
* Backup and Restore
* Beagle (this will let you search documents, pictures -- anything in your PC)
* Boot-up Manager
* GFTP (very good FTP client)
* Gnome Security Suite (only if you handle Microsoft Windows email and other Windows related files !)
* Backup and Restore
* Beagle (this will let you search documents, pictures -- anything in your PC)
* Boot-up Manager
* GFTP (very good FTP client)
* Gnome Security Suite (only if you handle Microsoft Windows email and other Windows related files !)
Press the [Start]-button to perform the installations. Relax and let it refine the desktop for you ;-) You may need to answer to some questions and confirmations.
Restart the display after Automatix has completed. Press CNTR + ALT + BACKSPACE and login.
Notice: We are here using Automatix2 to fetch some spesific add-ons and programs. Think Automatix2 as "une affaire de" one time. Normal installation of software is done with the Synaptic Package Manager or by the GNOME's Applications -> Add/Remove... menu.
Right-mouse click on the upper
toolbar (panel) and choose "Add to
panel..." from the menu. See picture
9a...
Drag & drop items onto the toolbar. See picture 9b...
Add also "Slab" main menu to the lower toolbar panel. See picture 9c... It is easier to add if you first move the "Window list" applet slightly to the right.
Create a shortcut icon for the "beagle-search" tool as shown in picture 9d... Drag the icon from the desktop onto the panel.
Drag & drop items onto the toolbar. See picture 9b...
Add also "Slab" main menu to the lower toolbar panel. See picture 9c... It is easier to add if you first move the "Window list" applet slightly to the right.
Create a shortcut icon for the "beagle-search" tool as shown in picture 9d... Drag the icon from the desktop onto the panel.
Test your installation:
Test browser-plugins and
actions on the most common file types.
Start Firefox and check browser-plugins on http://webapps.ou.edu/it/browser... See picture_10a.
Plus take a Java test... You should see a dancing Duke logo.
You can also type "about:plugins" in the Firefox' address bar and it will report all detected plugins. See picture_10b.
Browse to this (http://www.linspire.com/file_types/...) site and perform a file compatibility test as well. Check if Ubuntu launches an appropriate application when you click or double-click a file name.
Moreover study the file samples in your home folder's /Examples... directory. Start Nautilus file manager from Places -> Home Folder menu and browse to the Examples directory.
And if you like, turn the volume on and take a peek to the future... and listen to this message... (+...).
----
BTW:Audacious... is the king of media players.
But of course Exaile... and Amarok... rock too. You'll find Exaile in Automatix2.
Start Firefox and check browser-plugins on http://webapps.ou.edu/it/browser... See picture_10a.
Plus take a Java test... You should see a dancing Duke logo.
You can also type "about:plugins" in the Firefox' address bar and it will report all detected plugins. See picture_10b.
Browse to this (http://www.linspire.com/file_types/...) site and perform a file compatibility test as well. Check if Ubuntu launches an appropriate application when you click or double-click a file name.
Moreover study the file samples in your home folder's /Examples... directory. Start Nautilus file manager from Places -> Home Folder menu and browse to the Examples directory.
And if you like, turn the volume on and take a peek to the future... and listen to this message... (+...).
----
BTW:Audacious... is the king of media players.
But of course Exaile... and Amarok... rock too. You'll find Exaile in Automatix2.
This block is set aside for Compiz Fusion devotees.
See: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php